ADVERB OF MANNER

Adverbs of manner are the largest group of adverbs. Most adverbs of manner are closely related to corresponding adjectives.
( Kebanyakan adverb of manner dibentuk dari kata sifat.)
Although some words can be used as either adjectives or adverbs, in most cases, adverbs of manner are formed by adding ly to the corresponding adjectives.
(Meskipun ada beberapa kata bisa digunakan sebagai kata sifat atau kata keterangan, Kata keterangan cara melakukan sesuatu dibentuk dengan menambahkan akhiran -ly pada kata sifat.)
In most cases, ly is simply added to the positive form of the adjective. For example:
(Sebagian besar akhiran -ly langsung bisa ditambahkan ke kata sifat) Contohnya:

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Bad Buruk/jelek) Badly (dengan buruk/jelek)
Complete(lengkap) Completely(dengan lengkap)
Normal(normal/biasa) Normally(Dengan normal/biasa)
Surprising(heran) Surprisingly(dengan sangat mengherankan)

Adjectives ending in le (kata sifat yang berakhiran -le)
When the adjective ends in le preceded by a consonant, the final e is usually changed to y, to form the ly ending.
(Ketika kata sifat berakhiran -le dan sebelim -le adalah huruf konsonan, akhiran -e biasanya diubah y kemudian ditambah ly) For example:

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Favorable(menyenangkan) Favorably(Menyenangkan)
Humble(sederhana/rendah hati Humbly(dengan rendah hati)
Simple(bersahaja) Simply(dengan bersahaja)

When the adjective ends in le preceded by a vowel, in most cases, ly is simply added to the positive form of the adjective.
(Ketika kata sifat berakhiran -le dan sebelum le adalah huruf vokal, akhiran -ly langsung ditambahkan ke kata sifat) For example:

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Sole(satu-satunya) Solely(semata-mata/melulu)
Agile(tangkas/gesit Agilely(dengan tangkas /gesit)

However, in the case of the adjective whole, the final e is removed before the ending ly is added:
(Tetapi untuk kata sifat whole, akhiran e dihilangkan baru ditambah akhiran -ly)

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Whole(tulus) Wholly(Dengan tulus/sepenuh hati)

Adjectives ending in ic. (Kata sifat yang berakhiran -ic)
However, when the adjective ends in ic, the syllable al is usually added before the ly ending. For example:
(Ketika kata sifat berakhiran -ic, suku kata al biasanya ditambahkan sebelum akhiran -ly)

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Dramatic(dramatis) Dramatically(secara dramatis)
Scientific(ilmiah) Scientifically(secara ilmiah)
Specific(tertentu) Specifically(secara rinci)
Basic(dasar) Basically(pada dasarnya)

Adjectives ending in ll
(Kata sifat yang berakhiran -ll)
When the adjective ends in ll, only y is added. For example:
(Ketika kata sifat berakhiran -ll ,hanya ditambah -y.
Adjective Adverb of Manner
Dull(tumpul/bodoh/membosankan) Dully(dengan bodoh)
Full(penuh/lengkap) Fully(dengan lengkap)
Shrill(nyaring/melengking) Shrilly(dengan nyaring)

Adjectives ending in ue
(Kata sifat yang berakhiran -ue)
When the adjective ends in ue, the final e is usually omitted before the ending ly is added. For example:
(Ketika kata sifat berakhiran -ue, akhiran e dihilangkan baru ditambah -ly.
Adjective Adverb of manner

Due(seharusnya) Duly(sepatutnya)
True(sungguh/benar) Truly(sungguh-sungguh/benar-benar)

Adjectives ending in y
(kata sifat berakhiran y)
When the adjective ends in y preceded by a consonant, the y is usually changed to i before the ending ly is added. For example:
(Ketika kata sifat berakhiran y dan sebelum y diawali konsonan, y diubah dulu jadi i baru ditambah -ly)
Adjective Adverb of Manner
Busy(sibuk) Busily(sibuk)
Easy(mudah) Easily(dengan mudah)
Happy(senang) Happily(dengan senang)

However, in the case of the adjectives shy and sly, ly is simply added to the positive form of the adjective:
Tetapi untuk kata sifat shy dan sly, akhiran -ly langsung ditambahkan ke kata sifat.

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Shy(malu) Shyly(dengan malu-malu)
Sly(lihay/licik) SlylyI(dengan lihai/licik)

However, in the case of the adjective gay, y is changed to i before the ending ly is added:
(tapi untuk kata sifat gay. y diubah dulu jadi i baru ditambah -ly.

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Gay(periang) Gaily(dengan riang)

When the adjective ends in y preceded by a vowel, in most cases, ly is simply added to the positive form of the adjective. For example:
(ketika kata sifat berakhiran y dan didahului huruf vokal langsung ditambah -ly.

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Coy(malu-malu) Coyly
Grey Greyly

Adverb of manner are totaly change.
Kata keterangan cara melakukan sesuatu yang berbeda dengan kata sifatnya)

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Good(baik) Well(dengan baik)

Adjective and adverb of manner have the same form.
(Kata sifat dan kata keterangan cara melakukan sesuatu , mempunyai bentuk yang sama)

Adjective Adverb of Manner
Fast(cepat) Fast(dengan cepat)
Little(sedikit/kecil) Little(sedikit/kecil)
Much(banyak) Much(sangat banyak)
Straight(lueus) Straight(lurus/terus terang)
Early(lekas) Early(pagi-pagi)
First(yang pertama) First(pertama-tama)
Late(terlambat) Late(terlambat)
Long(panjang) long(lama)
Daily(tiap hari) Daily(tiap hari)
Monthly(tiap-tiap bulan) Monthly(tiap bulan)
Low(rendah) Lowdengan rendah)

Adverbs With and Without ly Endings (Kata keterangan dengan/tanpa akhiran -ly.
Adverb Meaning
Hard with effort(dengan usaha)
High opposite low(lawan kata rendah)
Late opposite early(lawan kata pagi-pagi)
Near Opposite far(lawan kata jauh)
Wide opposite narrow(lawan kata sempit)

Hardly scarcely(jarang)
Highly very2 well(dengan baik)
Lately recently(akhir-akhir ini)
Nearly almost(hampir)
Widely commonly(biasanya)

Expressing invitation/offer
would you like to……?
I’d like to invite you to….?
Why don’t we……?
Won’t we….?
How about…?
Let’s go to…?
I wonder if you like to…?
I was wondering if you’d like to…?

Accept an invitation/offer
Thanks you,
I’d love to that would love to yes,
I’d like to very much
I’d he happy to accept
what a great idea.
Of course.
O.K
all right
sounds great

Refusing an invitation
I'm awfully sorry, but I’ve another plan
I wish I could, but…
I’d love to, but …
I’d really like to, but…
well that’s very kind of you, but
I' m afraid I can’t manage it
I’m sorry, but I have to…
thanks any way, but…

Assesment for class 8 B and C

Make a group of 4 then make a dialogue using these expressions:
* asking for, giving, refusing things.
* admitting and denying fact.
* preference.
* asking for and giving opinion.
* Giving, accepting and refusing invitation.
* adverb of manner.
* degrees of comparison.
Buat satu percakapan yang mencakup semua ungkapan diatas.
Contoh ada di buku kerja siswa.
Good luck.

Expressions of Preference

Prefer
Would Prefer
Would Rather
DIFFERENCE IN MEANING
Prefer digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu secara umum.
Would Prefer dan Would rather talk about something /spesific choice.
DIFFERENCE FORM
Prefer and would prefer is a little bit diffrent from would rather.
example : I prefer to drink orange juice for breakfast.
I prefer coffee.
I would prefer drinking tea.
Prefer and would prefer can be followed by 1. To infinitive (to + verb 1)
2. Gerund ( Verb ing)
3. Noun (kata benda)
example : I would rather have coffee.
I would rather drink orange juice.
Would rather followed by : base verb (verb 1)
Comprehension Check
Please put these sentences in the proper place.
1. taking a nap or going for a walk?
2. to play chess or a game of cards?
3. watch a talk show or movie?
4. a trip to Australia or cruise to Alaska?
Would you prefer....................... Would you rather............................
1...................................... ? 1............................................?
2.......................................? 2............................................?
3.......................................? 3............................................?
Response/answer
I prefer a walk to a nap
I prefer taking a walk to taking a nap
I would prefer to walk.
I would rather see a movie than watch tv.
Not on usage
I would rather not.......
She would rather not......

DEGREE OF COMPARISON/TINGKAT PERBANDINGAN

There are three degrees of comparison/Ada tiga tingkat perbandingan:
1.Positive Degree/tingkat positive
2.Comparative Degree/tingkat perbandingan
3.Superlative Degree/tingkat paling
Let we discuss one by one/mari kita bahas satu persatu
1. Positive Degree/tingkat positive: Kita membicarakan 2 hal/orang yang sejajar.
Pattern : Subject1 + To be + As + Adjective + As + Subject2
example : Maudy is as tall as Maura/ Maudy se/sama tingginya dengan Maura.
David is as diligent as Peter./David se/sama rajinnya dengan Peter.
2. Comparative Degree/ tingkat perbandingan : Kita membandingkan dua hal/ orang yang berbeda.
Pattern :a. Subject1 + To be + Adjective(one syllable) + -er + Than + Subject2
example : Borobudur temple is bigger than Prambanan temple.
Sonia is taller taller than Laura.
Pattern :b. Subject1 + to be + More + Adjective(two/more syllable) + Than + Subject2
example : Mathematics is more difficult than English.
Robert is more diligent than Patrick.
3. Superlative Degree/ tingkat paling : Kita membandingkan 3 hal/benda yang berbeda.
Pattern : a. Subject3 + to be + the + Adjective + -est.
example : John is 155 cm. Jack is 160 cm. George is 165 cm.
John is the shortest.
George is the tallest.
b. Subject3 + to be + the + most + Adjective.
example : The Fiat is Rp 105.000.000
The Mercedes is Rp. 120.000.000
The Roll Roys is Rp. 200.000.000
From the list above we know that :
The Fiat is the cheapest of all.
The Roll Roys is the most expensive car.

PREFERENCE

To express preference we can use the following patterns :
1. Subject + Like + noun + Better than + Noun
example : I like badminton better than tennis.
Widya likes fried chicken better than steak.
2. Subject + like + Ving + better than + Ving
example : I like cycling better than singing.
Shane likes reading better than writing.
3. Subject + Prefer + Noun + to + Noun
example : Lola prefers Mathematics to English.
Thomas and Peter prefer GIGI to UNGU.
4. Subject + prefer + Ving + to + Ving
example : Hans prefers watching television to reading newspaper.
They prefer going by plane to train.
5. Subject + would rather + infinitive + than + infinitive
example : I would rather study than cook in the kitchen.
She would rather save her money in the bank than keep them at home.
exercises
complete the sentences with the right pattern.
1. Mona likes meatball..............noodle.
2. Laura......sewing her clothes by herself to buying them. It's more economical
3. Elmo would rather play tennis..............watch football match.
4. They................do the task in group ..........do it individually.
5. Mr Jack ..............teach his students outdoor than in the class.
6. Mrs. Caroline............cooking by gas stove....by kerosene stove.
complete the sentences with the right verbs.
1. A wild animal prefers.......in the jungle to .......in the zoo.
2. I like........a song better than......a music.
3. Dorothy would rather......History than..............Geography.
4. Miss. Monalisa prefers.......in her office to ........in the home.
5. My little sister likes.......a doll better than a piano.
6. Axel prefers..........mineral water to soft drink.

Asking and giving opinion

ASKING OPINION
1. What do you think of.......?
2. What is your opinion about....?
3. How do you feel about.......?
4. How did you like you the film?
5. Tell me what you think.
6. Please give me your opinion.
GIVING OPINION
1. I think......
2. In my opinion......
3. From my point of view,.......
4. I believe that..........

Example
Mr. Zoe : What do you think of my new house?
Shane : It is beautiful. I think. Oh you have many novels in your new house.
Mr. Zoe : Yeah, some. I like Andrea Hirata's novels.
Shane : How do you feel about Andrea Hirata's novels ?
Mr. Zoe : I feel they are great novels.
Shane : Yes, you are right. I think it is going to rain.
Mr. Zoe : I don't think so. Look outside at the sky! It's so clear. No clouds there.
Shane : But I watched the weather forecast yesterday. It said that today is going
to rain. OK Mr. Zoe see you.