DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Descriptive text : a text to describe about a particular thing, person or place.
The generic structure of the descriptive text is:
1. Identification/definition
2. Description : physical
                        location
                        shape
                        color
                        behavior
                        job/profession
                        family
Example of Descriptive text

1. Kelimutu ([kəliˈmutu]) is a volcano, close to the town of Moni in central Flores Island ofIndonesia containing three summit crater lakes of varying colors. Tiwu Ata Mbupu (Lake of Old People) is usually blue and is the westernmost of the three lakes. The other two lakes, Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai (Lake of Young Men and Maidens) and Tiwu Ata Polo (Bewitched or Enchanted Lake) are separated by a shared crater wall and are typically green or red in color, respectively. The lake colors do vary on a periodic basis. Subaqueous fumaroles are the probable cause of active upwelling that occurs at the two eastern lakes.^[1]

The lake have been a source of minor phreatic eruptions in historical time. The summit of the compound 1639-m-high Kelimutu volcano is elongated two km in a WNW-ESE direction; the older cones of Kelido and Kelibara are located respectively three km to the north and two km to the south. The scenic lakes are a popular tourist destination. Keli Mutu is also of interest to geologists because the three lakes are different colors yet reside at the crest of the same volcano ^[2].

According to the local officer at Kelimutu National Park, the colour changed by chemical reaction of any minerals contained in the lake in triggered by volcano gas activity. The closest airports are Maumere, and Ende. There are regular flights to Maumere from Bali. The drive from Maumere to Moni, the town at the base of Keli Mutu, takes about 3 hours.

2. The durian (pronounced /ˈdjʊriən/)^[2] is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio and the Malvaceae family^[1][3] (although some taxonomists placeDurio in a distinct family, Durionaceae^[1]). Widely known and revered in southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk. The fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red, depending on the species.

The edible flesh emits a distinctive odour, strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. Some people regard the durian as fragrant; others find the aroma overpowering and offensive. The smell evokes reactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described variously as almonds, rotten onions,turpentine and gym socks. The odour has led to the fruit's banishment from certain hotels and public transportation in southeast Asia.

The durian, native to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia, has been known to the Western world for about 600 years. The 19th-century British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace famously described its flesh as "a rich custard highly flavoured with almonds". The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide variety of savoury and sweet edibles in Southeast Asian cuisines. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked.

There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit.Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. There are hundreds of durian cultivars; many consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.

                     

FUNCTIONAL TEXT FOR 7th CLASS

MEMO : A short message used to inform someone about something or ask someone to do something.
Generic Part :1. Opening Segment.
                     2. Purpose.
                     3. Closing Segment.
Example:
Dear Andy,
Don't forget to pick up your little sister at 11.00 o'clock at school and ask her to have lunch.
Love,
Mom

Answer these questions based on the memo above.
1. What kind of text is it ?
2. Who writes the memo?
3 When should Andy pick his little sister?
4. What does Andy's mom ask her little sister do?
5. Who is the memo for?


SHOPPING LIST
Example :
Dear Handy,
Buy all these items. I'll make a chicken soup.
1. Chicken              1 kg                Rp. 20.000
2. Carrots               1/4 kg             Rp.  5.000
3. Cabbage             1/4 kg             Rp.  3.000
4. Potato                 1/2 kg             Rp.  8.000
5. Celery                 a bunch           Rp.  1.500
Don't forget to buy them today. Because I will cook it tomorrow.
Mom


Answer the questions based on the shopping list.
1. What kind of food does mother want to make?
2. How many items does the shopping list have?
3. How much is the total price?
4. Is it OK, if you will buy all the items tomorrow?
5. Who writes the shopping list?

LANJUTAN SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUN

Words called articles/determiners are used to signal nouns.( Kata  yang disebut penentu digunakan untuk menandai kata benda). example: a river, a castle, an armchair, an idea, three biscuits, five eggs.
The article an is used before nouns that begins with the vowels a,i,u,e,o.( Artikel an digunakan sebelum kata benda yang dimulai dengan kata benda yang diawali dengan huruf hidup a,i,u,e,o) example: an artist, an oven, an eye, an umbrella, an insect.
The article a is used before nouns that begins with the other letters called consonants. Artikel a digunakan sebelum kata benda yang dimulai dengan huruf/abjad lain yang disebut konsonan.
But some words don't follow these rules. Tetapi beberapa kata tidak mengikuti aturan-aturan ini.
a uniform, a unit, a user.
a not an is used because the vowel u in these words is pronounced like the word you. ( a bukan an digunakan dalam kata -kata diatas karena huruf u di kata diatas diucapkan seperti kata yu:).
an hour, an heir, an honor.
an not a is used because the consonant in this word is not pronounced/mute. ( an bukan a dugunakan karena huruf mati (h) dalam kata -kata diatas tidak diucapkan).

*Nouns that end in s,ss,ch,sh,x are made plural by adding -es.(Kata benda yang berakhiran s,ss,ch,sh dan x dibuat jamak dengan menambahkan -es).Example: bus-buses, grass-grasses, witch-witches, brush-brushes, box-boxes.
*Most nouns that end in -y are made plural by changing the y to i and adding -es. ( Kebanyakan kata benda yang berakhiran -y dijadikan bentuk jamak, ubah -y menjadi -i kemudian ditambah akhiran -es). Example: baby-babies, family-families, puppy-puppies, story-stories, teddy-teddies, fairy-fairies.
*Nouns that have a vowel before the -y are made plural by simply adding -s at the end. ( Kata benda yang ada huruf hidup sebelum -y dibuat dalam bentuk jamak, hanya ditambah akhiran -s). Example: boy-boys, toy-toys, cowboy-cowboys, key-keys, monkey-monkeys.
*Many nouns that end in -f are made plural by changing the -f to -v and adding -es. (Bnyak kata benda yang berakhiran -f dibuat dalam bentuk jamak dengan mengubah -f menjadi -v dan menambahkan akhiran -es).
Example: half-halves, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, wolf-wolves, thief-thieves.
But some nouns that end in -f are made plural simply by adding -s.( Tetapi beberapa kata benda yang berakhiran -f hanya ditambah akhiran -s saja) Example: chief-chiefs, roof-roofs, hankerchief-handkerchiefs, cliff-cliffs, puff-puffs.
Some nouns that end in -f can be made plural in two ways.(Beberapa kata benda yang berakhiran -f bisa dibuat jamak dengan 2 cara). Example: scarf-scarfs/scarves, hoof-hoofs/hooves, dwarf-dwarfs/dwarves,.
*Most nouns that end in -fe are made plural by changing the -f to -v and adding -s.( Kebanyakan kata benda yang berakhiran -fe jika dibuat bentuk jamak, mengubah f menjadi v dan ditambah ahkiran -s). Example: knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives, midwife-midwives.
*Most nouns that end in -o are made plural by adding -s.( Kebanyakan kata benda yang berakhiran -o jika dibuat bentuk jamak hanya menambahkan akhiran -s). Example: video-videos, hippo-hippos, zoo-zoos, kangaroo-kangaroos.
*Most nouns that end in -o are made plural by adding -es.( Kebanyakan kata benda yang berakhiran -o jika dibuat bentuk jamak menambahkan akhiran -es). Example: tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes.
*Some nouns change spelling from the singular form the plural . (Beberapa kata benda berbeda dengan bentuk tunggalnya). Example: man-men, woman-women, child-children, person-people, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese. Note: mouse for computer the plural form can be mice/mouse.
* The plural form of some nouns is the same as the singular. (Kata benda jamak dari beberapa kata benda sama dengan bentuk tunggalnya) Example: sheep-sheep, deer-deer, fish-fish, aircraft-aircraft, salmon-salmon. Note: when you are talking about different kind of fish the plural can be fishes: the various fishes of the Indian Ocean.
*Some nouns are always plural.(Beberapa kata benda yang selalu dalam bentuk jamak). Example: trousers-trousers, shorts-shorts, jeans-jeans, pants-pants, tights-tights, pajamas-pajamas. You can use "a pair of" with these plural nouns. Example: a pair of trousers, a pair of sandals.

FOR 7TH GRADE " SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUN"

SINGULAR NOUN
Noun can be singular or plural.(Kata benda bisa tunggal atau jamak).
When you are talking about just one thing or person use a singular noun.( Ketika kalian membicarakan satu benda/ satu orang gunakan kata benda tunggal).
For example:(contohnya):
a tent (sebuah tenda),a taxi (sebuah taksi), a park ( sebuah taman), a doctor (seorang dokter), a lady (seorang perempuan), an idea ( sebuah ide), an idea ( sebuah ide), an exercise ( sebuah latihan /olah raga)
PLURAL NOUN
Use plural noun when you are talking about two or more people, place and things. (Gunakan kata benda jamak/banyak ketika kalian membicarakan dua/lebih orang, tempat dan benda.
Just add s to make most nouns plural. Hanya tambahkan s untuk membuat kebanyakan kata benda jamak.
Singular(kata benda tunggal)  Plural (kata benda jamak)   Singular                            Plural
a computer                                    computers                   a mountain                       mountains
a chair                                           chairs                          a river                              mountains
a train                                            trains                          an envelope                      envelopes
a player                                         players                       an insect                            insects
a teacher                                       teachers                      an oven                             ovens
a taxi                                             taxis                           an uncle                            uncles

Functional Text

Functional text is a text used for specific purpose. 
There many kinds of functional text , such as: 
1. Notice : written/ printed news/ information for public. 
2. Procedure : to describe how something is done through some steps.      Generic part :a. Aim/purpose,b. Materials,c. Step 
 Language feature : a. Present Tense, b. Imperative 
3. Announcement : a text used to inform the reader about recent event.
 4. Advertisement : a text used to persuade people to do something.
 Example : vacancy,brochure 
5. Brochure/Pamphlet : A text used to give details of a service. 
6. Memo : a short message used to inform someone about something or ask someone to do something. 
 Generic part : a. Opening segment, b. Purpose, c. Closing segment

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES Exclamatory Sentences adalah kalimat yang menyatakan seruan atau ucapan yang sepontan karena heran, kagum, terkejut, sedih. Dalam kalimat biasanya ditandai dengan tanda seru(exclamatory mark), dan kata "What atau How" + sebagian predikat biasanya kata sifat baru diikuti kata benda. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini: What (a) digunakan bila pada akhir kalimat seru berupa kata benda. What beautiful hair she has! What a wonderful scenery it is! What beautiful eyes she has! What a nice person he is! What a hanya digunakan dengan kata benda tunggal yang dapat dihitung( a singular countable noun), sedangkan How digunakan bila di akhir kalimat seru berupa adjective(kata sifat) atau adverb ( kata keterangan) Contoh: How beautiful she is! How beautiful she behaves! How wonderful you are! Dengan kata lain, untuk menyatakan suatu seruan dengan ucapan Alangkah................! atau Betapa........! dalam bahasa Inggris, digunakan tiga cara yang berbeda, Yaitu dengan menggunakan cara: 1. WHAT A..................diikuti oleh kata sifat ditambah dengan singular noun ( kata benda tunggal) 2. WHAT.....................diikuti oleh kata sifat ditambah plural noun ( kata benda jamak) 3. HOW......................diikuti adjective (kata sifat) atau adverb ( kata keterangan ) tanpa diikuti kata benda. Untuk memperjelas perhatikan contoh berikut: 1. What a beautiful girl she is!(girl=singular noun) ( She is really beautiful girl) 2 What beautiful girls they are!(girls=plural noun) ( They are really beautiful girls) 3. How beautifully she dances! (beautifully=adverb) (She really dances beautifully) 4. How beautiful she is! (beautiful=adjective) ( She is really beautiful)

Congratulating and Complimenting

To celebrate special events we can use phrases of congratulations appropriate to the situation.
Untuk merayakan peristiwa spesial kita bisa menggunakan frase yang menyatakan ucapan selamat berdasarkan situasi tertentu.
The most common response is "Thank You"
Respon yang sering digunakan adalah " Thank You"
Here are the example: (FORMAL)
I'd like to offer my congratulation on your new job.
Congratulation on your marriage.
I'm very happy for you. I hope you enjoy your new house.
Happy birthday/anniversary.
You must be really happy about your new baby.
INFORMAL
Here are some examples of the kinds of compliments common in social situations.
This is the nicest apartment! I like your furniture.
You have a beautiful house!
This is delicious.
What a good idea!
That salad looks wonderful. What a great dessert!