Procedure text

Writing a Procedure Text 

• 1. TEXT COMPOSITION GENRE
• 2. DEFINITION TEXT is a unit of language expressing meaning contextually Text Limitation is not measured from the contained numbers of sentences or pages Text must consist of the expressed meaning and covered context Text must be compossed with the following pattern : Introduction^Content^Closing Text / Composition belongs to Traditional Grammar Genre belongs to Functional
• 3. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR AND FUNCTIONAL L is a source of composing meaning L is a thing we do L is a set of rule to make sentence L is a thing we know Language View Semantic Syntax Examined Language grade All Text Sentence Analysis Unit How the meaning of a text is made How a sentence must be composed Main Knowledge FUNCTIONAL TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR
• 4. DIFFICULT ? WE DO NOT KNOW The Problem Goal / Achievement The way of expressing an idea Structure Vocabulary
• 5. Writing a Procedure Text By Asep Supriadi, S.Pd
• 6. Set a Goal, Decide the Aim States the purpose of the text ie. How to write a newspaper articles How to make healthy, delicious salad How to take care of your wife(s)? : )
• 7. Mention the Materials used or Needed List things used, equipment needed, substances required, or object being investigated to achieve the goal set
• 8. Explain the Steps to Achieve the Goal Mention the actions necessary, listed in order, to complete the experiment or procedure Steps are written on a separate lines and each of them is written as a command
• 9. The Language Component of A Procedure Text Action Verb , The verb relating to physic or intellectual activities Usually the action verb comes at the beginning of the sentence (Imperative) ie. Plug the cable… Sometimes the sentence begins with a time marker which tells us the order of the steps (Connective of Sequence) then, while, next ie. First , take a deep breath Sometimes the sentence begins with a word, phrase, or clause which tells us when to do the step : ie. When the spot is dry, record the time it has taken Sometimes the sentence begins with a word, phrase, or clause which tells us how to do the step: ie. With a cloth, take the hot saucepan Numbering, Number showing us the order of the activities Passive Voice ( Tobe + V3 )
• 10. HOW TO OPERATE THE COMPUTER Connect the cable into electricity plug Press the button “Power” on CPU Press the button “Power” on Monitor to display Image Click “Start” Choose the program you need
• 11. HOW THE COMPUTER IS OPERATED The cable is connected into electricity plug The button ”Power” on CPU is pressed The button “Power” on monitor is pressed “ Start” is clicked The program you need is chosen
• 12. HOW THE COMPUTER IS OPERATED When the computer is operated, First, the cable is connected into electricity plu. Second, the button “Power” on CPU is pressed. Next, the image is displayed when the button “Power” on monitor is pressed. Then, “Start” is clicked. Finally, The program you need is chosen
• 13. PRACTISE HOW TO OPERATE WASHING MACHINE HOW DRESS IS MADE HOW TO MAKE BLACK FOREST HOW DIGITAL CAMERA IS OPERATED HOW TO CHARM A GIRL
• 14.  
• 15. Text Type: Procedural Recount Written to record a procedure Procedural recounts have four stages: 1. aim which states the specific purpose 2. record of event which list the actions that happened 3. result which shows the result of the experiment 4. conclusion which states the findings of the experiment
• 16. The Language Component of Procedural Recounts Present tense is often used in Procedural Recount Conclusion is usually written in the present tense. This is because the results of the experiments are seen to be always true
• 17. Sample Text Text 1. How to make water evaporate faster First collect the beaker and the petri dish. Collect about 300 ml of water in the beaker. Pour some water into petri dish. Put the sponge in the petri until completely saturated. Squeeze the excess water from the sponge until it stops driiping. Next, carefully press the wet sponge against the chalboard until there is a water spot about 5 cm in diameter on the board. Make another water spot of equal size at some distance from the first spot. Fan the first spot with the piece of cardboard. Do not fan the other water spot. With the watch, time how long it takes each water spot to dry Finally, write down the drying times Text 2 We wanted to grow beans, so we went to the shop and bought a packet of bean seeds. Then we brought them home and planted them in the garden. We watered them every few days and when when they grew we picked them. Then we sent them to the fruit market. Someone bought them and took them home and ate them.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

FORM : SUBJECT + HAS/HAVE + VERB III ( PAST PARTICIPLE)

The present perfect expresses the idea that something happened (or never happened) before now, at an unspecified time in the past. The exact time it happened is not important.

If there is a specific mention of time, the simple past is used : They moved into a new apartment last month.

The adverbs ever,never,already,yet,still and just frequently used with the present perfect.

a) They have moved into a new apartment.

b) Have you ever visited Borobudur temple?

c) I have never seen snow.

d) I have already seen that movie.

 e) Josh has not seen it.

f) He has just heard bad news.

g) She still has not finished her letter.

Example: Linda has already written a letter.

( Linda finished writing sometimes before now. The exact time is not important)

Sometimes adverb is used in this tense.( Since means sejak, For means selama)

Example : I have not met you since Monday.

                She has not seen me for a week.

                They have lived in Paris since 1980.

                We have worked in the company for two years.

Exercises: Fill the blank using the word in the bracket.

1. Farah (see,never)........................snow in her entire lifetime.

2. I (know)....................................Richard Steward for ten years.

3.Since this morning, he (call).........here four times trying to reach you.

4.Janet (wear)...............................her new blue dress only once since she bought it.

5. I ( attend, not ).........................any parties since I came here.

NARRATIVE TEXT

A Narrative tells a story and teach us about someone else's experience.
A Narrative is mainly used to entertain/amuse the audience.
A Narrative consists of several parts :
* ORIENTATION
 This is the beginning of the story where everything is established.(who,what,when,where).
This part introduces characters and / or sets the scene.
* COMPLICATION
This is the problem that causes the story, to start. Why did the events occur,the way that they did. In this part, the main character is faced to a problem.
* SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Where the characters react to the complication.
* RESOLUTION
This is where the complication( or problem ) is solved.This part tells how the problem is resolved, for better or worse.
* CODA
This is optional step that provides a comment or moral based on what has been learned from the story.
THE PURPOSE OF NARRATIVE
Other than providing entertainment can be to make the audience think about an issue teach then a lesson or engage their emotion.
The example of narrative text:


THE ANT AND THE DOVE
ORIENTATION : One hot day, an ant was searching for some water. After walking around for some time, she came to a spring.
COMPLICATION 1 : To reach the spring she had to climb up blade of grass. While making her way up, she slipped and fell into the water.
RESOLUTION 1 : She could have drowned if a dove up nearby tree had not helped her. Seeing that the ant was in trouble, the dove quickly plucked a leaf and dropped it into the water near struggling ant. The ant moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon, it carried her safely to dry ground.
COMPLICATION 2 : Just as that time, a hunter nearby was throwing out his net towards the dove, hoping to trap it.
RESOLUTION 2 :
Guessing what he was about to do, the ant quickly bit him on the heel. Feeling the pain, the hunter dropped his net. Quickly, the dove flied away to safety.

Answer the questions based on the text above.
1. What did the dove do to save the ant?
2. What did the hunter do to the dove?
3. What is the purpose of the text?
4. What can we learn from the story?
5. "..............,she came to a spring." What does the underlined word mean?
6. "Soon, it carried her safely........" What does the underlined word mean?
7. "...............the  dove quickly plucked a leaf..........."(paragraph 3) What does the underlined word mean ?
             a. pull something   b. push something    c. put something     d. prick on something

MANY KINDS OF TRANSACTIONAL INTERPERSONAL FOR THE SEVENTH GRADE

EXPRESSIONS OF ASKING SOMETHING

* Can you give me...........

* Take me that.................

* Could you please..........

* Would you kindly..........

EXPRESSIONS OF GIVING SOMETHING

* Sure. Glad to help .........

* Yes, of course.

* Certainly, here it is.

EXPRESSIONS OF ASKING FACTS

Middle

* Can you tell me what's going on ?

* Tell me more about it?

* How did it happen ?

* How come?

Strong

* I must know what happened.

* I need to know the facts.

* I'd like to know more about it.

EXPRESSIONS OF GIVING FACTS

* Here's the fact/ story..........

* Let me tell you......../the fact.......

* Well the story is like this.............

EXPRESSIONS OF ASKING SOMEONE'S OPINION

* What do you think about........?

* What's your opinion of...........?

* What about............................?

* What would you say to...........?

EXPRESSIONS OF GIVING OPINION

* I think it's a good idea.

* Well, I must say........

* Don't you think.......?

* I would say.............?

EXPRESSIONS SAYING NO OPINION

* I don't know.

EXPRESSIONS OF LIKES

* I like/love.................

* I ( really) enjoy.........

* I do like/love.............

* I am (really) very fond of..........

EXPRESSIONS OF DISLIKES

* (I am afraid) I don't like..........

* I (really) hate.........................

* I can not bear........................

* I can not stand.......................

EXPRESSIONS OF ASKING SOMEONE'S CLARIFICATION

* Is that true/ right that.............?

* Is that right ?

* Is ................correct?

* Really?

* Are you sure?

* Excuse me, Sir/Ma'am. Is that right that..................

EXPRESSIONS OF RESPOND TO SOMEONE ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION

* Yes, I am sure.

* Yes, that's right.

* Yes, that's correct.

* Exactly.

* I didn't do it. ( Mention the reason)

* I don't like watching cartoons. (Mention the reason).

* I am not a basketball player. (Mention the reason)

MANY KINDS OF TRANSACTIONAL INTERPERSONAL TEXT FOR THE EIGHT GRADE

1. EXPRESSIONS TO ASK INFORMATION
* Do you know.........?
* Can you tell me......?
* Excuse me Sir/Ma'am
* I'd like to know......?
EXPRESSIONS TO GIVE INFORMATION
* Yes, just go.........(telling the place)
* Yes, I do know that. It.......
EXPRESSIONS TO DENY INFORMATION
* How do you know that?
*Are you sure? As far as I know......
* I'm really sorry, but............
2. EXPRESSIONS TO ASK FOR SOMETHING
* Can I have.........?
* Would you be so kind to give me........?
To offer things, you could use these expressions
* Will you have.........?
* Do you want........?
* Would you like.....?
EXPRESSIONS TO GIVE SOMETHING
* Take this.....
* Let me give you.........
EXPRESSIONS TO REJECT/REFUSE SOMETHING
* No, thank you.
* That's very kind, but I won't, thank you.
EXPRESSIONS TO ASKING OPINION
* What do you think of.........?
* How do you fell about....?
* What's your opinion......?
* What are your views..........?
* What are you feelings about.......?
* Excuse me, Madam. What do you feel about....?
* I would be grateful to have your view/ opinion on..........
EXPRESSIONS TO GIVE OPINION
* I think........
* I must say......
* From my point of view......
* In my opinion.....
* My own view of the matter of the problem is......
EXPRESSIONS TO DECLINE OPINION
* Well, I'm thinking the opposite way....
* I don't think so. To my mind.......
* If I may say so,........
EXPRESSIONS TO INVITE SOMEONE
* Shall we..................?
* Can you came to..........
* Would you like to come?
* I'd very much like you to come.
EXPRESSIONS TO ACCEPT INVITATION
* Yes, certainly I will come.
* Absolutely, count me in.
* I would, very much.
* Yes, I would like nothing better.
EXPRESSIONS TO DECLINE INVITATION
* I'm terribly sorry. I don't think I can.
* I'm very sorry, I can't.
* Thank you very much, but.....
EXPRESSIONS TO ASK FOR AGREEMENT
* Do you agree?
* Would you agree with......?
*.........,wouldn't you say?
EXPRESSIONS TO GIVE AGREEMENT
* That's a good idea.
* Well, that's settled.
* We seem to be saying the same thing.
* Yes, I agree.
* That's true.
EXPRESSIONS TO SAY THAT YOU DISAGREE
* I don't agree.
* No, I don't think..........
EXPRESSIONS TO GIVE COMPLIMENT SOMEONE
* That's a nice........(appearance)
*You're looking good. (appearance)
* Wow. You're very clever.
EXPRESSIONS TO GIVE ATTENTION TO SOMEONE
* Tell me what's wrong?
* I suggest........
* It's okay. Let me........(giving help)
* Don't worry. I'll.........(giving help)
* Would you like any help?
* You look in trouble, may I help you, Sir/ Ma'am.

PASSIVE VOICE/PASSIVE SENTENCE/THE PASSIVE

In Passive Voice or Passive Sentence or The Passive,  the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb. Only transitive verbs (verbs that can be followed by an object) are used in the passive. It is not possible to use intransitive verbs (such as happens, sleep, come, seem, agree, arrive, cry, exist, go, live, occur, rain, rise, stay, walk) in the passive.

The form/pattern of Passive :   be  +  past participle.

                                       Active                                                Passive

simple present            My sister writes a letter                       A letter is written by my sister

present continuous      My sister is writing a letter                  A letter is being written by my sister

present perfect           My sister has written a letter                A letter has been written by my sister

simple past                My sister wrote a letter                        A letter was written by my sister

past continuous         My sister was writing a letter                A letter was being written by my sister

past perfect               My sister had written a letter                A letter had been written by my sister

simple future              My sister will write a letter                   A letter will be written by my sister

be going to                My sister is going to write a letter         A letter is going to be written by my sister

future perfect            My sister will have written a letter         A letter will have been written by my sister

 Exercises : Change the active into passive.

1. Tom opens the door.

2. Toms is opening the door.

3. Tom has opened the door.

4. Tom opened the door.

5. Tom was opening the door.

6. Tom had opened the door.

7. Tom will open the door.

8. Tom is going to open the door.

9. Tom will have opened the door. 

Expressions in Telephoning

* Hello

* May I speak to John, please?

* Could I speak to John, please?

* Can I speak to John, please?

* Wait a moment.

* Who's speaking?

* The line is busy.

* You dialed the wrong number. 

* Who do you want to talk to?

* Who would you like to talk to?

* Who do you wish to speak to?

* Who's calling?

* Hold the line, please.

* Just a moment, please.

* Just a second, please.

* Please hold on.

* Please hang on a second.

* Hold on.

* He's not in right now. Can I take a message?

* Mr. Lee is busy right now. Would you like to leave a message?

* Please ask him to call me back. He has my number.

* I'll call back later.

* I'll try him again later.

* I'll call him again tomorrow.

* I'll give him a call next week.

For the examination Class 8 a,b,c.
Please send me short messages in English (using English language)! It is the daily test for unit 7. I give you one week to do it.